Writing Perspective Articles

Writing Perspective ArticlesTo give an idea of the sort of opinion that some people can have about a particular subject, let us take a look at a perspective article. This article will concentrate on a viewpoint article - one that may be short but will also be able to help clarify the topic.To write a viewpoint article, you need to have a different viewpoint. You should then be able to go on to use this viewpoint to give your article structure and style. This structure will help you to relate your own point of view to the topic of your article.How do you write a viewpoint article? If you look at the majority of article authors on a daily basis, you will find that they are writing them with the point of view of someone who has specific and personal experience. But what is their experience? What do they actually do, how long have they been doing it, and how much do they like it?All these questions are the very first thing that you need to ask yourself before you write a viewpoint articl e. As you learn about the author's experiences, you will soon come to understand that they have some knowledge of their chosen topic.This knowledge is not limited to understanding what the author does not know about a particular topic. The author's knowledge is gained from a broader perspective.Once you have a viewpoint about a particular topic, you can give your viewpoint article. It should not be an opinion, but it should relate to what the author does, rather than what the author does not know. A viewpoint article should not just be an argument about something.It should relate to the author's own point of view and add to the content of the article. If you write a viewpoint article that has a certain angle on the subject, that is not very useful information. What you will be doing is simply adding more information to what the author already knows.You should not write a viewpoint article that is an opinion. An opinion is not part of the viewpoint - instead it is the viewpoint. And what you want is for the viewpoint to add to the content of the article, rather than add to the content of the article to which it relates.

UK Supermarket Morrisons Consumer Preferences

Question: Talk about the UK Supermarket Morrisons. concentrate on how Morrisons can expand their Market share in the UK and be progressively serious against the like of Tesco, Asda, Sainsburys? Answer: Presentation In a global air, mounting a strong keen of business and advertising methodology is truly important for the accomplishment of each business venture (Leonidou et al 2013). The task is going to examine and break down the promoting systems, key destinations and significant regions of business improvement of WM Morrison, which is perhaps the greatest general store in the United Kingdom. The organization has begun their excursion as egg and spread vendor in 1899. As the day advances, the organization is presently considered as UKs fourth most prominent nourishment merchant with more than 400 stores. Morrison is the prime superstore, which endows to sell all out extent of British new sheep everywhere throughout the year in its outlets countrywide from 2008. Very nearly 9,000,000 buyers execute with Morrison stores every week. As a nourishment virtuoso, the organization differentiates itself from their fundamental contestants. The market has selective manufacturing and wadding offices, and they reap their harvests themselves. Morrison likewise orchestrates more nourishments, and they are utilizing master messes up, fishmongers and cooks, which are keeping them in front of their rivals. Task point The principle point of this venture is to break down the promoting technique of Morrison market. The interior and outside milieus of the organization are assessed in detail. The points are Being serious: to flexibly a scope of costs that are simpler, increasingly feasible and dependent on the qualities of the organization Serving clients well: selecting new specialists in busiest occasions of week, supplanting available self-administration investigates with top tier innovation, redesigning wine and create traces Discovering arrangement: having opportunity to take neighborhood choices, utilizing information on customers tangs and necessities to alter a proposal to neighborhoods effectively and splendidly Starting helpful administrations: to include further administrations like bistros, cleaners, drug stores and gas stations, telephone, tablets fixing, bundle assortment in stores and vehicle leaving Improvement: turning out to be tilt, nippy and responsive; initiative group has decreased alongside head workplaces, giving Morrison wanted spryness Making general stores solid: headway in shopping trip for purchasers, creating center markets all around fabricated is focal consideration of Morrison. Overhauling the entire home by another new look redesign program before the finish of 2018 (Ramaseshan, Ishak and Kingshott 2013) Undertaking Justification The goal of this specific task is to examine all the significant components, which will permit the association to build up a solid and a legitimate promoting plan (Hollensen 2015). The examination will permit the perusers to finish up how Morrison the chose association, can expand their piece of the pie in the UK all together increase increasingly upper hand, as contrasted and Tesco, Asda, and Sainsbury. With use of various types of showcasing apparatuses, for example, SWOT Analysis, Pestel, Porter 5 powers, Ansoff framework and so on will permit the association to accomplish the ideal outcomes and objectives. Venture Team The target of the task group is to build up the whole examination method with genuine and compelling model. The specialist, which is chosen so as to direct this specific examination methodology, has heaps of understanding. The examiner has finished various types examination in various fields. All the colleagues are especially dynamic including the agent. The goal of all the colleagues in the examination procedure is to finished the examination technique on schedule. The examiner is all around qualified and keeps up a flexible involvement with various fields of research (Hollensen 2015). Correspondence Strategy Advancement of a legitimate correspondence framework will permit the agent just as the organization to build up an appropriate channel with the association. It is especially imperative to lead a legitimate meeting workshop with all the official individuals from the association about the arrangement and procedures of the association so as to build piece of the pie to increase an appropriate upper hand as contrasted and different organizations in the association. With the assistance of an appropriate correspondence framework, for example, advancement of various poll dependent on the prerequisites of the association and in particular arranging a legitimate meeting and cross examination process with the individuals will permit building up an appropriate correspondence channel with the association. Task destinations As indicated by the task point, the destinations for the positive investigation are to be inspected. This is done under a system, which is named as SMART target set up. The SMART examination for the organization is delineated beneath to discover future possibilities (Mullins, Walker and Boyd 2012). The target of the investigation is to build up an appropriate promoting plan, which will improve the advertising circumstance of Morrison. The investigation will concentrate on the use of an appropriate advertising plan that will guarantee in the expansion in the deals and benefit of the organization. The essential occupation of Morrison is to choose a specific zone in the South Wale district (Morgan and Strong 2015). All together, locate a precise answer for the issue, the organization needs to finish a legitimate examination system. The Northern piece of the South Wales is a perfect situation so as to execute this specific showcasing plans and procedures. With use of various types of promoting in the association, the administration will have the option to build up a legitimate advertising plans and activities (Hollensen 2015). Various types of examination strategy will be received by the specialist all together build up a legitimate circumstance investigation process, to construct a solid upper hand with the contenders. Highlights Goals Explicit The express objective of Morrison is to expand its piece of the pie and make safe their spot of headship by building up its month to month deals income. Quantifiable The organization will in general swell its ongoing piece of the overall industry by five percent. Feasible Going before to define any for improving its offer in the market, the organization requires to assess a few market alternatives to ensure practicability of picked methodology Sensible The picked advertise alternative will be fitting to all partners. The assets and resources of Morrisons will be utilized to amplify its piece of the pie up to five percent inside a specified period. Time based The organization has evaluated a period to accomplish their normal objectives. They will attempt to achieve the targets in a single year. Advantages The showcasing procedure examination has a few advantages. Through the direction, Morrison can dispatch new items and can make benefits. In light of the examination the organization will construct the development technique. It tends to be accomplished by two different ways, utilizing present inside assets and by purchasing different organizations and resources. Natural development utilizes open assets and it is solid with the way of life and the executives way (Morgan and Strong 2015). It likewise may prompt economies of scale with less hazard. Acquisitions can conquer contestants to enter and chance elements are spread. Showcasing system investigation gives quick access to principle business assets like brands. It makes for the organization simpler to control their destinations and objectives. Absolutely, the advantages are, Exercises blended with pointed markets Relentlessness of targets and market needs Basic terms of reference Support in assessing advertising achievement Perpetual quality in long haul methodology arranging (Morgan et al 2013) Business Case and Approach To create and assess the promoting procedure of Morrison, various kinds of investigation are finished. All the important logical highlights and techniques are portrayed as beneath. Writing Review This piece of the investigation will examine all the elements, hypotheses, and models, which are relevant to develop an appropriate research work. Use of various types of showcasing instruments, for example, SWOT Analysis, PESTEL Analysis, Porters Five Force, and Ansoff Matrix are the significant advertising apparatuses, which are utilized to build up a legitimate circumstance investigation process so as to build up a solid upper hand. SWOT Analysis In this method, a review of companys inner and outer assessment is summarized. It manages the undertakings quality, shortcoming, openings and danger (Hollensen 2015). Components Examination Quality v Attainment of common stores v Starting of 35 new shops v Specialist in nourishment v Personal flexibly and distributional channels v Excellent nourishment organizing and Owen wadding manufacturing plants v In store readiness of nourishment v Fastest circumnavigate time among request and conveyance v Recruits advanced education program (MBA) Shortcoming v Not having enough client trust v Lesser measure of outlets v Not giving more consideration in promoting v Quite bit high costing Opportunity v Home conveyance v Expansion of modest stores to engage more shoppers v Beginning of Morrison drug store v Transforming into non-nourishment distributing in UK v New retail segments like departmental store, claim to fame units, drugstores Danger v Lesser costing of contestants v Scrawny correspondence v Huge rivalry v Entry of new comers v Buying of co-usable stores can't keep up Morrison standard v Uncertainty PESTEL Analysis This investigation is exceptionally essential for building up a legitimate advertising system. The key purposes of this measure are classified beneath (He and Yang 2015). Elements Investigation Political v Antagonism commission acts v Food standard act 1999 v Planning system the executives v Administration enactments Conservative v Blow of finan

Factors Responsible For The Global Financial Crisis

Introduction In this essay, we are trying to look at the factors responsible for the global financial crisis in 2008-09 which started in US and later spread across the world. By now, a lot of studies have been done on the global financial crisis of 2008. We explain briefly the role of the financial engineering which leads to combination of various financial securities, the actual risk of which is not clearly assessed and hence leading to the financial crisis. There were also some serious lapses in regulation and failure of the rating agencies in assessing the risks assumed by the financial products which accentuated the crisis. In the USA and other developed countries, financial engineering created financial derivatives and financial†¦show more content†¦Economic derivatives could be so unsafe that they could even a great cause of financial disasters. This is because many investors turn to financial derivatives market to direct them into future funding, rather than of observing at the genuine market. This can lead to market distortions and hence can be extended to other parties of the market connected in the market and thus financial position of a country can be obstructed badly. Derivative instruments were created after 1970s as a way to manage risk and create insurance downside. They were created in response to the frequent oil market shocks, inflation and drops in the stock markets. Hence the initial intend was to defend against the risk and protect against the downside. However, the derivatives became speculative tools often used to take more risk in order to maximize profits and returns. Deriv atives do ensure against the risk when used properly, but when the packaged instruments became too complicated that neither the borrowers nor the rating agencies understood them or their risk and hence the initial premise just failed. Not only did investors, like pension fund, got stuck holding securities that in reality turned out to be equally as risky as holding the underlying loans, bank got stuck as well. Banks held many of these instruments on their books as a source of fixed income requirements and hence using these derivatives instruments as a collateral. However, later it was found out that they had lessShow MoreRelatedWhich Factor Was Most Responsible For The Financial Crisis895 Words   |  4 PagesWhich factor was most responsible for the financial crisis The financial crisis from2007 to 2008 is considered the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of the 1920s and destroyed the U.S. economy severely. It led the housing prices fell 31.8%, the unemployment rate rose a peak of 10% in the United States. Especially the subprime market, began defaulting on their mortgage. Housing industry had collapsed. This crisis was not an accident, it caused by varies of factors. The unregulatedRead MoreFinancial Crisis Of A Single Country1671 Words   |  7 Pages Table of Contents Summary 2 Financial crisis 3 Impact of financial crisis 4 Effect of financial crisis on different on the economies of different countries 5 Mathematical problems 6 Conclusiom 8 References ..................................................................................................................................................9 Summary Financial crisis has long been a part of global economic recession throughout the history. Here, the purpose of this assignmentRead MoreThe Collapse of Bank of America: Causes, Effects, and Analysis1121 Words   |  4 PagesThe Collapse of Bank of America: The largest banking institution in the United States, Bank of America, has been characterized with numerous controversies in the recent past. While the institution only got bigger since the financial crisis and government intervention through bailouts, Bank of America headed towards collapse. 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Third, spreads on many different types of loans over comparable U.S. Treasury securities has expanded significantly (Chari, Christiano, amp; Kehoe, 2008). The financial crisis is the result of the collapse of the housing bubble in the U.S., which can be seen as the starting point of a crisis inRead Mo reEconomic Theory1225 Words   |  5 Pagesfor analysis, in addition to what you see happening in the market yourself. Compare and contrast the two articles and the two authors’ perceptions of the market. The global economy recovers from the crisis that engulfed global financial markets in the course of 2008. The effort to stave off total economic collapse has left governments burdened with massive debt that will take years of painful effort to work off. The policy prescriptions of market liberalismRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2007-2008928 Words   |  4 PagesDefine: Introduction The Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 was considered to be the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression in the decade preceding World War II. The Global Financial Crisis threatened large range of the financial organizations. Although the central banks and other banks were trying to keep away from the crisis, the stock market still suffered a huge decline internationally. Other than the global stock market, the house market was also influenced greatly, causing the unemployment

Compare and contrast the Aztec civilization and the Mayan...

The Aztecs civilization and the Mayan civilization where the most important civilizations from the new world that amazed many of the Europeans that came to conquer this wonderful rich land. The Europeans where amazed with the Aztec and Mayan culture, their ways of life, their geographical surroundings and their technology. The Europeans and historians today find that the Aztecs and the Mayans where similar in some ways of life like their culture, their technology, their religious events and at the same time they had their differences in their cultures. The Aztec civilization dominated the valley of Mexico during the fifteen and the sixteen centuries. Their culture was seen as unethical to the Europeans that were in Aztec territory and†¦show more content†¦At the very top of Aztec society was the Tlacatecuhtli or chief men that dominated all religious ceremonies and was the military leader of the Aztecs. Below him were religious offices that served as military generals. The religion of the Aztecs was made up of mainly three gods: Huitzilopochtli, Tezcatlipoca and Quetzalcoatl. Below these three main gods were four creating gods. Below these four gods were many other gods, however the most important were Tlaloc, the rain god, Chalchihuitlicue, the god of growth and Xipe, the god of spring. The main thing that captures the attention of Aztec religion is their human sacrifice made to the different gods. Although human sacrifice was practiced around Mesoamerica, the Aztecs practiced human sacrifice in a large scale never seen before to date. The idea of human sacrifice was that Gods gave things to humans like food, rain, wealth, and other goods only if they were given human beings in return. The Aztecs believed that the goods liked best the living hearths of sacrificed captives. If the captive was a well skilled soldier and very brave then the Gods would return better goods to his people. This idea lead to wars were the Aztecs fought with other indians and capture their bravest men for sacrifice. As we can imagine,Show MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast Maya, Aztec, and Inca Culture Essay677 Words   |  3 PagesCompare and contrast Maya, Aztec, and Inca culture In history we the people have found to realize that the Maya, Aztec, and Inca culture was one of the most incredible findings of their accomplishments. The Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations were really smart in topics of engineering, writing, agriculture and astronomy. Also all three had their beliefs, and good with agriculture. All three cultures used great technologies in their agriculture like slash and burn, terrace farming. They all huntedRead MoreWhat Was The Political Structure Of The Mayans From 600 Ce?1568 Words   |  7 Pages AP World History 1st Semester Exam Study Guide What was the political structure of the Mayans from 600 CE to 900 CE? The political structure of the Mayans was split up into two city states with a governing body overseeing each of them, never under one ruler. How does Confucian philosophy attempt to create social harmony? His philosophies said that the goal of an emperor is to bring peace to the people, the philosophies also promoted fairness and loyalty among the state. Where was the eventualRead MoreA Study on iPhone Essay2433 Words   |  10 PagesCastillo went on to brilliantly declare the worst thing that can happen to a culture is to have its history told by its conquerors. Castillo ended by saying that we first have to make sure the historical records are accurate for both cultures and civilizations before they can be compared. The same flow of culture happens when a country occupies another country. The military aggressor and the dominant country’s culture invades, slowly but surely, the weaker state. Suffice to go back to the expansionRead MoreThe Birth of Civilization18947 Words   |  76 Pages1 The Birth of Civilization Mohenjo-Daro Figure. Scholars believe this limestone statue from about 2500 B.C.E. depicts a king or a priest from Mohenjo-Daro in the Indus valley in present-day Pakistan. Does this figure seem to emphasize the features of a particular person or the attributes of a particular role? Hear the Audio for Chapter 1 at www.myhistorylab.com CRAIMC01_xxxii-031hr2.qxp 2/17/11 3:22 PM Page xxxii EARLY HUMANS AND THEIR CULTURE page 1 WHY IS â€Å"culture† considered a definingRead MoreCeramics: Pottery and Clay17443 Words   |  70 Pagesin relatively small groups and developed pottery traditions and techniques that are similar to the African people - low temperature, no potters wheels or glazes and open firing methods. Larger more organized civilizations also developed in Mexico and Central America like the Maya and the Aztecs. These people used similar techniques but had more elaborate decoration using multicolored slips. Also like Africa, these early potters were either men or women depending on the culture. Mixtec culture Mexico:

Ted Kooser A Major American Poet - 1397 Words

Ted Kooser was born in Ames, Iowa, an area within the great plains of America. He credits his influences to both his mother and his father. His father worked as a store manager while his mother stayed home to raise him and his sister. During an interview he was asked how his parents influenced his poetry, he replied, My Father was a storekeeper, loved the public, and was a marvelous storyteller. I remember a women once said to me that shed rather hear my dad describe a person than see the person herself. (Meats, 335). One can tell from reading Koosers poetry that his father influenced him greatly. Ted Kooser also attained a strong work ethic from his father, which in his formative years allowed him to prosper and become the poet he is†¦show more content†¦With the publication of Sure Signs in 1980, Ted Kooser wrote Carrie, a poem about the morality of humanity and how life is cycle. Like most of his work, he used firsthand experience to forge his thoughts, this time his Aunt s life. The poem is only eleven lines long but its meaning it universal. Even though its a short poem, Kooser found a way to enrich it with figurative language, from similes to metaphors. With the lines, as her rag, like a thunderhead, (3), to and an elbow that creaked and popped / like a branch in a storm. (8-9), Kooser portrays to the listener of the environment his Aunt lived, which is an area hes accustomed to, the great plains. In the poem Kooser writes, seventy years with a ball / of compulsion closed in her fist, (6-7), meaning that in life you grow in age, and that theres no stopping it. Eventually, life will end with death, as seen in the lines, Now dust / is her hands and dust her heart. (9-10) meaning that once you die youll become dust. The last line of the poem, Theres never an end to it. (11) solidifies the poem with its meaning that theres a circle of life and it never ends. Later on in his life with the publication of Delights and Shadows, Ted Kooser writes a poem on what would be his fathers ninety-seventhShow MoreRelated Abandonment and Struggle on a Farm1327 Words   |  6 PagesSimplicity, especially in poetry, can be an often underrated and overlooked method of conveying a meaningful and extended message. Ted Kooser, an American poet and writer, is well known for his ‘simplistic’ style of writing and has been described as using an â€Å"[H]onest, accessible verse†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Ted Kooser: The Poetry Foundation). Kooser was born in Iowa and now resides in Nebraska. Both Iowa and Nebraska are situated in the Midwestern United States, an area noted for its rural landscape and population

Acceptance of Differences free essay sample

It is clear that America would like all of its citizens and residents to learn to accept differences between people.   As an example, the philosophy of teaching students with disabilities has been changing.   Separated from regular students at first, they must now be moved into classrooms with the rest.   In these classrooms, regular students learn to respect those who are different from themselves and students with disabilities improve their social skills (Ripley, 1997). At the same time, business organizations of America are required to learn diversity management.   At the governmental level, we now have the first black president in the White House.   However, as soon as President Barack Obama stepped into the White House he had to state that America is not an enemy of Muslims. Seeing that there was a need for the American president to make that statement reveals that our nation still needs to accept differences between people based on religion. We will write a custom essay sample on Acceptance of Differences or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page    To support AmericaAmericans in accepting these differences, the government is required to change its political framing with regard to the Muslim world.   It is a known fact that political framing reflects through the media.   The government should work with the media to further resolve the misunderstandings between America and Muslims.   Americans are, after all, tired of wars. Response to Classmate’s Post: Your responses are all positive, and I agree that it is essential to applaud our nation for the leaps it has taken forward to end racism.   All the same, you have failed to answer the Muslim question that President Obama addressed during his first month in office.   I appreciated that you mentioned the role of media in ending stereotyping and supporting people in the acceptance of difference.   Yet, I cannot deny the fact that our nation needs to take greater leaps forward not only to become fully accepting of differences between people but also to become a model for other societies working on eradicating problems related to racism. References Ripley, S. (1997, Jul). Collaboration between General and Special Education Teachers. ERIC Digest.

An Application To Selling A Cruise Vacation Package Tourism Essays

An Application To Selling A Cruise Vacation Package Tourism Essays An Application To Selling A Cruise Vacation Package Tourism Essay An Application To Selling A Cruise Vacation Package Tourism Essay This paper seeks to discourse the construct of merchandise life rhythm use to sell sail holiday bundle merchandising in Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) . First, the foreground of develop sail industry in worldwide and in Hong Kong is described and explicate the function of travel agent in selling the sail holiday bundle. Then the construct of merchandise life rhythm is introduced. Finally, a instance survey of Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) is presented to exemplify the life rhythm of selling the sail holiday bundle. Cruising can be interpreted in many different ways and can include many different types of vass. The impression of cruising is best explained by mention to the definition of a sail ship ; vessel set abouting scheduled, deep H2O sails of two yearss or more with a rider capacity of 100 individuals or more ( Research Department Tourism Queensland ) . Another account about sail is a trip by sea on a line drive for leisure, remarkably docking at assorted ports during its journey ( Collins English Dictionary, 2008, ) . Cruise ships are non, like ferries, merely seen as a manner of conveyance. These ships are frequently a finish on itself, and can be typified as drifting hotels, or even drifting resorts ( Dowling, 2006 ) . Nowadays, many travel agents sell a basic sail holiday bundle which is across-the-board. A sail holiday bundle includes revenue enhancements, port charges, airfare, cabin stay, repasts, and 24-hour room service. ( WTO ) Some of the travel agents given clients with extra merchandise offering of widening their trip either before or after the sail. This packaged merchandise normally includes extra dark corsets at a hotel in the embarking or debarking port. ( Neil Biehn 2006 ) Introduction The sail industry is one of the fastest-growing sections in the travel industry since 1980 the industry has had an mean one-year rider growing rate of 8.1 % . ( By: Miller, Richard K. ; Washington, Kelli, 2009 ) Harmonizing to WTO 2003, although the market portion of sails in the touristry market is little ( 0.6 % of the hotel beds offered worldwide ) , there still has unbelievable growing figures and has a high potency to develop. Harmonizing to B A ; A, rider carrying degrees could spread out from the present 13.2 million to between 19.3 and 30.1 million by 2020 ( see Figure 1 Projected Worldwide Passenger Levels, 2004 2020 Beginning: B A ; A 2004 ) . Figure 1 Projected Worldwide Passenger Levels, 2004 2020 ( Source B A ; A 2004 ) In Hong Kong, the rider degrees for conventional sails have expanded from about 8.5 million to 13.9 million between 1999 and 2005, during the same period, the Asia Pacific part accounted for between 5 % and 8.6 % of the worldwide market. ( B A ; A, 2005 ) Between 1999 and 2005, Hong Kong s typical rate of gaining control of the Asia Pacific conventional sail market ranged from 16 % to 30 % . ( Hong Kong Tourism Report Q1 2010 ) . The figure of cruise vas calls has increased from 409 to 1 051 ( Hong Kong Tourism Report Q1 2010 ) .over the same period. The explosive growing was the consequence of the sail industry redefining itself from a narrowly focussed niche merchandise to a broader-based, mass-market holiday experience. Besides the capacity with many big sail companies puting to a great extent in new ships ( Hayman, 1990 ; Peisley 1995 ) . Cruise ships have advance through a figure of developmental stages ; Amrik Singh ( 1999 ) from the little, 500 rider vass of the 1970s to the rise of the 3600 rider vass of the late ninetiess. See Figure 2 Development of Cruise Vessels ( Source: B A ; A, 2006 ) The capacity of the sail line industry increased from 41,073 positions in 1981 to 172.281 positions in 2001 at the one-year growing rate of 7.6 % .The sail capacity enlargement is expected to go on in the following 5 old ages from 189,441 positions in 2002 to 249,623 positions in 2006 ( CLIA, 2002 ) Time period Length ( m. ) Draft ( m. ) Pax Features of the Period 1960 155 11 500 Vessels acquired A ; refurbished. 1970 215 9.75 650 Standard concern theoretical account used with profitable consequences until the fuel crisis. 1980 245 9 1500 Change in concern theoretical account ; experimentation with larger vass and runing paths. 1990 275 8 2600 Larger vass going the finish. Shallower bill of exchanges. 1997 294 8 3600 Mega-vessels that are drifting metropoliss. Focus on maximising rider capacity. One-region vass non capable of Panama Canal Transit 2000 305 9 3000 Larger vas volume concentrating on making efficiencies with vas design, outside cabin development, vas services and flexible deployment. 2006 300+ 9 4000 Freedom category, 160,000-GT. Allows for increased onboard gross countries, largest vas in the universe position and big economic systems of graduated table. Following Coevals 335-425 9-11 5000+ Product and service led design ; new advanced Marine hull design to back up more above H2O construction. Separate flat towers, amusement zones and comfortss. Limited port deployment options. Figure 2 Development of Cruise Vessels ( Source: B A ; A, 2006 ) Between 2000 and year-end 2008, over 100 new ships were launched ( Travel A ; Tourism Market Research Handbook, 2009 ) . In Hong Kong, the major participants are Star Cruises, Costa Cruises, Princess Cruises and P A ; O Cruises ( Australia ) . Seven sail vass homeporting at Hong Kong in 2008, which include Costa Allegra ( from Costa ) , Star Pisces, Superstar Aqarius, Superstar Libra and Superstar Virgo ( all from Star Cruises ) and Rhapsody of the Seas ( from RCCL ) Due to the sail industry become more and more globalized, Hong Kong Government is besides pressing in front with developing Hong Kong as a major regional sail hub. It will finance the edifice of a sail terminus at the former Kai Tak airdrome. The first position is expected to get down operation in mid-2013. Most North American sail lines do non hold offices setup in the part so general gross revenues agents or travel agents are appointed to stand for them. Harmonizing to Cruise Lines International association ( CLIA 2008 ) merchandising sails is a good concern. The bulk of sails ( around 74 % ) are still sold by travel agents ( Figure 3 Travel Agent Usages to Book Cruise Vacations. Cruise lines still pay committees of 10 % or more. Figure 3 Travel Agent Usages to Book Cruise Vacations ( CLIA 2008 ) Due to the above grounds, there is a high potency to develop sail industry. Therefore, look into the merchandise life rhythm of selling sail holiday bundle is an of import scheme to categorise and expose investing cost hazards, physical factors and information systems needs in different phases. The Product Life Cycle Butler ( 1980 ) was the first to qualify the development of the tourer industry by the construct of the life rhythm merchandise, following the theories of Vernon ( 1966 ) on the international merchandise rhythm. The merchandise life rhythm theory provides an of import position for the preparation of schemes, because each stage of the life rhythm is believed to hold distinguishable features that offset the operation of a concern and accordingly marketing plan ( Avvari V. Mohan, K.N. Krishnaswamy 2006 ) . It says that the development of gross revenues and net incomes of new developed merchandises shows a clear form. Although there are different theories presented the rhythm into different phases such as Reid ( 1989 ) present five phases, where Cokayne ( 1991 ) nowadays into three phases, Despite the non-representativeness of this sample, it is robust plenty to let one major decision that the classical bell-shaped merchandise life rhythm may be a reasonably common form. ( David F. Midgley ) The classical bell-shaped merchandise life rhythm involved four phases which include Introduction, Growth, Maturity and Decline. In this paper, we will utilize the classical bell-shaped merchandise life rhythm ( Figure 4 Life rhythm of merchandise Gross saless and Net income. Beginning: Alan Marklew 1985 ) to look into the phase of selling sail holiday bundle by Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) Figure 4 Life rhythm of merchandise Gross saless and Net income ( Beginning: Alan Marklew 1985 ) Introduction Phase In this phase, new merchandise launched and the rate of gross revenues volumes to get down easy. The selling attempt is focused on placing market demands and specific merchandise characteristiics. ( Enis et al. , 1977 ) . At this phase, significant selling investing in countries such as advertisement and gross revenues promtoion ; hence prodcuts are normally lossmakers for most ( Alan Marklew, 1985 ) . The end of srategies is s to raise the gross revenues from zero to some predetermined degree. Growth Stage In this phase, consumers clearly feel that this merchandise will profit them in some ways and they accept it, the administration will see a period of rapid gross revenues growing. The sum of net income and figure of gross revenues show a strongly betterment. The major elements of marketing programme at this stage is to set up the trade name, spread out distribution, differentiat merchandise, offer merchandise discrepancies. ( Hambrick et al. , 1982a ) . The selling scheme is an of import factor in this stage, which involved merchandise betterments, add-on of discrepancies, and intensive and extended distribution. Besides, increasing gross revenues attempts and advertisement for trade name image are besides of import. ( Hofer, 1975 ) The handiness of merchandises might be communicated to prospective visitants through promotion or promotional activities, viz. in forming of import events. ( Goncalves, Vitor F. Da C.Aguas, Paulo Manuel Roque Fall97 ) . Maturity Stage In this phase, gross revenues slow down as the merchandise gross revenues reach peak as most of the possible buyers of a merchandise have been converted into clients. The rate of growing in gross revenues slows down increasingly and so degrees off. Harmonizing to Hofer ( 1975 ) , in this phase changes in market scheme are required. Company tries to keep market portion and gross revenues and at the same clip happen new markets. It is of import to increasing merchandise line ( Hambrick et al. , 1982 ) , increased advertisement, increasing complementary merchandises, consolidating distribution. Decline Phase Gross saless start to worsen either because of the addition of rivals or consumer gustatory sensations change. Net income becomes more a challenge of production/distribution efficiency than increased gross revenues Identifying the Product Life Cycle phases Several writers have proposed some designation methods to place the phase of the merchandise. For illustration, Reid ( 1989 ) , states that historical information with clip series, volume, sum, monetary values, consequences are need for designation. Levitt ( 1986 ) proposed to find what comes following in order to set up current place. Avvari V. Mohan, K.N. Krishnaswamy ( 2006 ) used the market programme variables as an index. There are 30 variables of MP were identified such as utilizing gross revenues force attempts, selling outgos, promtion innovative, new markets appear, gross revenues recognition, market cleavage, trade name consciousness etc. Doyle ( 1976 ) use different characterisitcs appear in the life rhythm phases to sort the location of phase. In his classfiicatio, he use the figure of gross revenues, sum of profiles, Cash flow, clients features, rivals, market scheme, market costs, selling accent, pricing, distribution and merchandise. ( Figure 5 The worlds of the mercha ndise life rhythm Doyle 1976: ) Product Life rhythm Introduction Growth Adulthood Decline Features Gross saless Low Fast Slow to worsen Worsening Net incomes Negligible Extremum Degrees Get down to worsen Worsening to zero Cash Flow Negative Moderate High Low Customers Early adoptive parents Mass market Mass market Dawdlers Rivals Few Turning Many met excessively challengers Taking market Cardinal Actions Scheme Expand market Market incursion Defend portion Productiveness Selling cost High High Falilng Low Marketing Emphasis Merchandise consciousness Brand Preference Brand trueness Image care Pricing High Maintain Maintain/increase Rising Distribution Patchy Intensive Intensive Selective Merchandise Basic Improved Broaden postion Apologize Figure 5 The worlds of the merchandise life rhythm The state of affairs of selling sail holiday bundle by Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) This subdivision describes the development of the state of affairs of selling sail holiday bundle by Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) . The life rhythm of sail holiday bundle is now at the phase of Growth The grounds are harmonizing to the undermentioned phenomena: Changes in Product line Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) cooperated with different sail company and ever increase the assortment of sail lines. Before 2004, there are merely three sail holiday bundle provided to their clients. This included the sail ships Infinity and Constellation from Celebrity Cruises Company: and Costa Classic from Costa: Cruises Company. Until 2010 April, Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) provide 34 assortment of sail holiday bundle to their clients. Besides the sail paths change from within Asia part to Hong Kong USA or Europe. By altering the merchandise line, clients will hold more option to take and it is one of the methods to avoid the lessening in sale volumes of sail holiday bundle. The of import point is that Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) understand their clients penchants, and respond to their demands. And they need to pass on with the Cruise lines have to placing market demands and edifice ships to fit those demands. This may include seting their paths, supplyi ng a assortment of activities, penchants, amusement picks, and involvements, to run into Asiatic outlooks every bit good as to reflect the cultural character of the part Amrik Singh ( 1999 ) Presents, Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) coordiante with five big international sail companies. They included Azamara Cruises, Celebrity Cruise, Costa, Royal Caribbean Internatioanal, MSC Cruises. Each of the companies have differenct figure of cruise ships. Each of them with different paths, yearss, finishs and charactieritcs. Paths for each sail ship Azamara Cruises Company: with one sail ship called Azamara Quest which include a 15 yearss tour traveling to Turkey, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Greece Celebrity Cruise Company with four sail ships Infinity which include a 9 yearss tour traveling to Seattle, Alaska, Victoria ) Equinox which include 13 to16 yearss tour traveling to Italy, Greece, Turkey, Egypt, Israel Eclipse which include 14 to 17 yearss tour traveling to England, Spain, Portugal, France Configuration which include 15 yearss tour traveling to Holland, Germany, Sweden, Russia, Finland, Denmark, Costa: Cruises Company with six sail ships: Costa Classica which include 5 to 9 yearss tour traveling to Taiwan, Shanghai, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, China, Costa Deliziosa which include 9 to 10 yearss tour traveling to Dubai, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Russia Cost Serena which include 10 yearss tour traveling to Mediterranean Costa Concordia which include 10 yearss tour traveling to Italy, Tunisia, Spain, France Costa Pacifica which include 10 yearss tour traveling to Mediterranean, Italy, Greece, Croatia, Malta Costa Luminosa which include 14 yearss tour traveling to Holland, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Russia, Baltic Sea Royal Caribbean International Cruises Company with three sail ships Legend of the Sea which include 7 to 8 yearss tour traveling to Shanghai, Japan, Korea, Russia Voyager of the Seas which include 10 yearss tour traveling to Italy, France, Spain Oasis of the Seas which include 11 yearss tour traveling to Miami, Bahamas MSC Cruises Company with six sail ships Fantaisa which include a 10 yearss tour traveling to Italy, Spain, France Magnifica which include 10 yearss tour traveling to Italy, Greece, Turkey, Croatia Musica which include 10 yearss tour traveling to Italy, Greece, Turkey, Croatia Orchestra which include 10 yearss tour traveling to Denmark, Germany, Sweden, Russian Poesia which include 10 yearss tour traveling to Denmark, Germany, Norway MSC Splendida which include 10 yearss tour traveling to Italy, France, Spain, Malta, Tunisia Gross saless Volume among those tourist merchandises selling in Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) At the beginning of selling sail holiday bundle, Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) merely selling the bundle through their subdivision offices as the figure of sail is non every bit much as presents. The gross revenues volume of sail holiday bundle is merely 5 % in 2003 ( informations recorded by Flying On Travel Agent Mr. Ho Outboard Operation Manager ) among their assortment tourer merchandise such as circuit, vacation bundles, hotel merchandising and ticket merchandising. At that clip, they do non hold any advertizement about their sail holiday bundle. They merely selling the sail holiday bundle through the publicity by sales representative who sitting in their subdivision offices. In 2006, the gross revenues volume of sail holiday bundle is increased to 11 % ( informations recorded by Flying On Travel Agent Mr. Ho Outboard Operation Manager ) among their assortment tourer merchandise. The increased gross revenues volume of sail holiday bundle is due to the addition of cruise s hips arrived in Hong Kong and the capacity of sail ships increased quickly. Promotion Methods In order to advance the sail holiday bundle, Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) will organisation different publicity activities to their clients. In 2008, Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) corporate with Royal Caribbean International and invited VIP invitees to see the sail of Legend of the Sea . During the visit, invitees were able to look around and seek to utilize all facilitates and activities on board. Each invitee will have a booklet which introduce facilitate, activities and paths of The Legend of the Sea . Guests were able to inquire any inquiries about the ship during the visit. In the same twelvemonth, Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) arranged another group of six 100 invitees to fall in a New Year Party which held in The Legend of the Sea . During the party, there was a lucky draw. The award are included one free circuit of The Legend of the Sea which provided by Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) . In 2008, Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) besides held a Maiden Voyage Celebration And Introduction Of Itinerary Meeting of the Voyager of Sea in their Cruise Centre. During the meeting, some images shown so environment ( e.g. adorn infinite ) , installations ( e.g. swimming pool ) , of Voyager of Sea were shown. One hundred of invitees were invited and half of them joined the sail holiday bundle of Voyager of Sea in the same twenty-four hours. In 2009, Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) introduce the programme Travel Expertise to supply a to the full service and selling schemes to their clients. Ms.Yuki Lau who is an expertise leader in Cruise circuit. By keeping this programme, the mean gross revenues volume of sail holiday bundle increased 2 % . ( informations recorded by Flying On Travel Agent Mr. Ho Outboard Operation Manager ) Improved Quality In order to better the quality of selling sail holiday bundle, Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) established a Cruise Center in Central for their clients to inquire information for sail holiday at 2006. All of the staff in the sail centre has finished the Cruise Selling Training Course provided by Travel Industry Council of Hong Kong ( TIC ) . All of the staff has award the certification of this preparation Course. Furthermore, in 2006, Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) corporate with Costa and three hundred of their staff reward the professional sail expertness University of WOW ( Expert Level ) of Discover Costa . Rival After Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) established the first Cruise Center in 2006, their rivals start to follow them, for illustration Hong Thai Travel Agent and EGL Tour Agent established their first sail Centre at the terminal of 2008 and Decision Harmonizing to the theory of Alan Marklew ( 1985 ) , it can see that the merchandising of sail holiday bundle in Flying On Travel Agent ( Hong Kong ) is now in the Growth phase. A figure of factors will lend to this, the figure of increase gross revenues volume, the present of rival, increasing the entreaty of the merchandise to a wider market, the alteration in merchandise line and the appear of rival. Due to the edifice of a sail terminus at the former Kai Tak airdrome will be opened in the mid 2013, the development of sail industry in Hong Kong has a strong potency to go a prime sail hub in the Asia Pacific part.